منابع مشابه
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal through the recruitment of specific adaptor molecules, leading to activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and IRFs, which dictate the outcome of innate immune responses. During the past decade, the precise mechanisms und...
متن کاملToll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways—Therapeutic Opportunities
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins acting mainly as sensors of microbial components. Triggering TLRs results in increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes, which then play a protective role against infection. However, aberrant activation of TLR signaling has a significant impact on the onset of cancer, allergy, sepsis and autoimmunity. Various adaptor proteins, inclu...
متن کاملCurrent Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways
On microbial invasion, the host immediately evokes innate immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate responses that lead not only to the clearance of pathogens but also to the efficient establishment of acquired immunity by directly detecting molecules from microbes. In terms of intracellular TLR-mediated signaling pathways, c...
متن کاملBeyond MyD88 and TRIF Pathways in Toll-Like Receptor Signaling
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 13 types known to-date, are a major class of transmembrane proteins of the mammalian innate immune system (1). They are known to detect diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns of microorganisms, and trigger specialized sets of signal transduction cascades that neutralize any danger posed to the host by the intruders. The major adaptors that bind to the int...
متن کاملControlling the Outcome of the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways
The Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are proteins involved in the immune system that increase cytokine levels when triggered. While cytokines coordinate the response to infection, they appear to be detrimental to the host when reaching too high levels. Several studies have shown that the deletion of specific TLRs was beneficial for the host, as cytokine levels were decreased consequently. It is not c...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Immunology
سال: 2014
ISSN: 1664-3224
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00461